What ISO 10218 is trying to accomplish
ISO 10218 is the standard most commonly referenced for the safety of industrial robots and robot systems, and it's worth understanding at the conceptual level rather than trying to memorize clause numbers. Broadly, it addresses how an industrial robot should be designed and integrated so that the hazards inherent to a fast, powerful, programmable machine are identified and controlled, covering both the robot itself as manufactured and the broader robot system once it's integrated into an actual workcell with tooling, fencing, and other equipment. That split matters: a robot arm can be built to a safe design, and still end up in an unsafe installation if the surrounding system, its guarding, its interlocks, its layout, isn't engineered correctly around it.
Conceptually, the standard pushes designers and integrators toward identifying hazards specific to the robot's actual task and environment, rather than applying one generic safety template to every installation. A robot welding car frames and a robot doing light parts assembly present different hazards, different reach, different speed, different payload, different failure consequences, and treating them identically would either over-engineer the low-risk case or under-protect the high-risk one. That task-specific framing is a recurring theme across robot safety standards generally, not just this one.